1. Kast, F., Meier, S., & Pomeranz, D. (2012).
Under-savers anonymous: Evidence on
self-help groups and peer pressure as
a savings commitment device (NBER
Working Paper No. 18417). Retrieved
from National Bureau of Economic
Research website: http://www.nber.org/
papers/w18417
2. O’Donoghue, T., & Rabin, M. (1999).
Doing it now or later. The American
Economic Review, 89, 103–124.
Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/
aer.89.1.103
3. Frederick, S., Loewenstein, G.,
& O’Donoghue, T. (2002). Time
discounting and time preference:
A critical review. Journal of
Economic Literature, 40, 351–401.
Retrieved from http://dx.doi.
org/10.1257/002205102320161311
4. Banerjee, A. V., & Mullainathan, S.
(2008). Limited attention and income
distribution. The American Economic
Review, 98, 489–493. http://dx.doi.
org/10.1257/aer.98.2.489
5. Mullainathan, S., & Shafir, E. (2013).
Scarcity: Why having too little means so
much. New York, NY: Macmillan.
6. Dupas, P., & Miguel, E. (2017). Impacts
and determinants of health levels
in low-income countries. In A. V.
Banerjee & E. Duflo (Eds.), Handbook of
economic field experiments (Vol. 2, pp.
3–94). Amsterdam, The Netherlands:
North-Holland.
7. Bhatt, S., Weiss, D. J. W., Cameron, E.,
Bizansio, D., Mappin, B., Dalrymple, U.,
. . . Gething, P. W. (2015, October 8). The
effect of malaria control on Plasmodium
falciparum in Africa between 2000 and
2015. Nature, 526, 207–211. http://dx.doi.
org/10.1038/nature15535
8. Evans, D., Kremer, M., & Ngatia, M.
(2009). The impact of distributing
school uniforms on children’s education
in Kenya. Retrieved from World Bank
website: http://siteresources.worldbank.
org/EXTIMPEVA/Resources/evans_
kenya_uniforms.pdf
9. Devoto, F., Duflo, E., Dupas, P., Parienté,
W., & Pons, V. (2012). Happiness on tap:
Piped water adoption in urban Morocco.
American Economic Journal: Economic
Policy, 4(4), 68–99. http://dx.doi.
org/10.1257/pol.4.4.68
10. Bettinger, E. P., Long, B. T., Oreopoulos,
P., & Sanbonmatsu, L. (2012). The role of
application assistance and information in
college decisions: Results from the H&R
Block FAFSA experiment. The Quarterly
Journal of Economics, 127, 1205–1242.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/qje/qjs017
11. Thornton, R. L. (2008). The demand
for, and impact of, learning HIV status.
American Economic Review, 98,
1829–1863. https://dx.doi.org/10.1257/
aer.98.5.1829
12. Kremer, M., Leino, J., Miguel, E., &
Zwane, A. P. (2011). Spring cleaning:
Rural water impacts, valuation, and
property rights institutions. The
Quarterly Journal of Economics, 126,
145–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/qje/
qjq010
13. Guariso, A., Nyqvist, M., Svensson,
J., & Yanagizawa-Dott, D. (2016). An
entrepreneurial model of community
health delivery in Uganda [Working
paper]. Cambridge, MA: Abdul Latif
Jameel Poverty Action Lab.
14. Banerjee, A. V., Duflo, E., Glennerster,
R., & Kothari, D. (2010). Improving
immunisation coverage in rural India:
Clustered randomised controlled
evaluation of immunisation campaigns
with and without incentives. BMJ, 340,
Article c2220. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/
bmj.c2220
15. Mani, A., Mullainathan, S., Shafir, E.,
& Zhao, J. (2013, August 30). Poverty
impedes cognitive function. Science,
341, 976–980. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/
science.1238041
16. Evans, D. K., Hausladen, S., Kosec, K.,
& Reese, N. (2014). Community-based
conditional cash transfers in Tanzania:
Results from a randomized trial.
Washington, DC: World Bank.
17. Barrera-Osorio, F., Bertrand, M.,
Linden, L. L., & Perez-Calle, F. (2011).
Improving the design of conditional
transfer programs: Evidence from a
randomized education experiment in
Colombia. American Economic Journal:
Applied Economics, 3(2), 167–195.
Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/
app.3.2.167
18. Bryan, G., Karlan, D., & Nelson, S.
(2010). Commitment devices. Annual
Review of Economics, 2, 671–698.
https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.
economics.102308.124324
19. Duflo, E., Kremer, M., & Robinson, J.
(2011). Nudging farmers to use fertilizer:
Theory and experimental evidence from
Kenya. The American Economic Review,
101, 2350–2390. Retrieved from http://
http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.101.6.2350
20. Fishbach, A., & Trope, Y. (2007). Implicit
and explicit counteractive self-control. In
J. Shah & W. Gardner (Eds.), Handbook
of motivation science (pp. 281–294).
New York, NY: Guilford Press.
21. Schwartz, J., Mochon, D.,
Wyper, L., Maroba, J., Patel, D.,
& Ariely, D. (2014). Healthier by
precommitment. Psychological
Science, 25, 538–546. http://dx.doi.
org/10.1177/0956797613510950
22. Ashraf, N., Karlan, D., & Yin, W. (2006).
Tying Odysseus to the mast: Evidence
from a commitment savings product in
the Philippines. The Quarterly Journal
of Economics, 121, 635–672. https://doi.
org/10.1162/qjec.2006.121.2.635
23. Ashraf, N. (2010). Female
empowerment: Impact of a
commitment savings product in the
Philippines. World Development, 38,
333–344. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.
worlddev.2009.05.010
24. Thaler, R. H. (1999). Mental
accounting matters. Journal of
Behavioral Decision Making, 12,
183–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/
(SICI)1099-0771(199909)12:3<183::AIDBDM318>
3.0.CO;2-F
25. Karlan, D., & Linden, L. L. (2014). Loose
knots: Strong versus weak commitments
to save for education in Uganda (NBER
Working Paper No. 19863). Retrieved
from National Bureau of Economic
Research website: http://www.nber.org/
papers/w19863
26. Hanna, R., Mullainathan, S., &
Schwartzstein, J. (2014). Learning
through noticing: Theory and evidence
from a field experiment. The Quarterly
Journal of Economics, 129, 1311–1353.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/qje/qju015
27. Simons, D. J., & Chabris, C. F. (1999).
Gorillas in our midst: Sustained
inattentional blindness for dynamic
events. Perception, 28, 1059–1074.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/p281059
28. Pop-Eleches, C., Thirumurthy,
H., Habyarimana, J. P., Zivin, J. G.,
Goldstein, M. P., de Walque, D., . . .
Bangsberg, D. R. (2011). Mobile phone
technologies improve adherence to
antiretroviral treatment in a resourcelimited
setting: A randomized controlled
trial of text message reminders. AIDS,
25, 825–834. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/
QAD.0b013e32834380c1
29. Karlan, D., McConnell, M., Mullainathan,
S., & Zinman, J. (2016). Getting to the
top of mind: How reminders increase
saving. Management Science, 62,
3393–3411. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/
mnsc.2015.2296
30. Cadena, X., & Schoar, A. (2011).
Remembering to pay? Reminders vs.
financial incentives for loan payments
(NBER Working Paper 17020). Retrieved
a publication of the behavioral science & policy association 91
from National Bureau of Economic
Research website: http://www.nber.org/
papers/w17020
31. Baird, P., Reardon, L., Cullinan, D.,
McDermott, D., & Landers, P. (2015).
Reminders to pay: Using behavioral
economics to increase child support
payments (OPRE Report 2015-20).
Retrieved from Administration for
Children and Families website: http://
www.acf.hhs.gov/sites/default/files/
opre/reminders_to_pay_using_
behavioral_economics_to_increase_
child_support_0.pdf
32. Busso, M., Cristia, J., & Humpage,
S. (2015). Did you get your shots?
Experimental evidence on the role
of reminders. Journal of Health
Economics, 44, 226–237. http://dx.doi.
org/10.1016/j.jhealeco.2015.08.005
33. Ahuja, A., Kremer, M., & Zwane, A. P.
(2010). Providing safe water: Evidence
from randomized evaluations. Annual
Review of Resource Economics, 2,
237–256. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/
annurev.resource.012809.103919
34. Luoto, J., Levine, D., & Albert, J. (2009).
Information and persuasion: Achieving
safe water behavior in Kenya [Working
paper]. Retrieved from University of
California, Berkeley, website: http://
faculty.haas.berkeley.edu/levine/papers/
Luoto_Marketing_Information_May2011.
pdf
35. Haynes, L. C., Green, D. P., Gallagher,
R., John, P., & Torgerson, D. J. (2013).
Collection of delinquent fines: An
adaptive randomized trial to assess
the effectiveness of alternative text
messages. Journal of Policy Analysis and
Management, 32, 718–730. http://dx.doi.
org/10.1002/pam.21717
36. World Bank. (2014). World development
report 2015: Mind, society, and behavior.
Washington, DC: Author.